Three villages were razed in the province of Kunar, with substantial damage in many others, the health ministry said.
Reports showed 250 dead and 500 injured, said Najibullah Hanif, the provincial information head of Kunar, adding that the tally could change.
Early reports showed 30 dead in a single village, with hundreds of injured taken to hospital, authorities said.
Rescuers were scrambling to find survivors in the area bordering Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region, where homes of mud and stone were levelled by the midnight quake hit at a depth of 10km.
“So far, no foreign governments have reached out to provide support for rescue or relief work,” a foreign office spokesperson said.
The quake shook buildings from Kabul to Pakistan’s capital, Islamabad, around 370km away for several seconds, AFP journalists said.
Afghanistan is prone to deadly earthquakes, particularly in the Hindu Kush mountain range, where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates meet.
A series of earthquakes in its west killed more than 1,000 people last year, underscoring the vulnerability of one of the world’s poorest countries to natural disasters.
