A Ukrainian defence sector source told media that 120 drones flew more than 600 kilometres (370 miles) to target the depot early on Sunday.
“As a result of the hit, ammunition and missile storage sites were damaged, which will lead to a shortage of ammunition for units of Russia’s occupation army,” the source said.
Western governments have accused Iran of supplying both drones and missiles to Moscow for its war on Ukraine, a charge Tehran has repeatedly denied.
“Several explosions were recorded in the area of Kotluban, the location of a depot of the defence ministry’s main missile and artillery directorate,” Russian military blogger Rybar wrote, adding that “serious destruction” had been avoided.
Volgograd governor Andrei Bocharov said falling debris from the drones sparked grass fires but no casualties or damage.